Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The Strange Situation Protocol Was Developed By British...

Attachment theory, originally developed by British psychoanalyst John Bowlby (1907-1990), is based on caregiver-child relationships. Bowlby indicated that the attachment style developed in infancy, has a true correlation to our adult relationships, and is a result of recurring interpersonal interactions with caregivers during childhood. Children develop different attachment styles based on their experience and interactions with primary caregivers. Several various ways of evaluating attachment in children have been introduced. One such evaluation mentioned in our textbook, Lifespan Development, 2014 the Strange Situation Protocol was developed by Mary Ainsworth (Boyd Bee, 2014, p.136 ). These attachments styles have been linked to how we form attachments as adolescents and even into adulthood and consists of four main attachment styles; Secure, Insecure -avoidant, Insecure-ambivalent and insecure- disorganized. Secure Attachment Style is described as â€Å"a pattern of attachment in which an infant readily separates from the parent, seeks proximity when stresses, and uses the parent as a safe base for exploration† (Boyd Bee, 2014, p.136). There is a vast amount of research regarding the importance of the parent-child relationship to the development of children into adulthood. According to an article in the Journal of Adolescence, â€Å"In the context of emotional development, according to secure base theory, parents who function as available and responsive care-givers (i.e., are

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Barclays Bank Five Forces Analysi of Porter - 1132 Words

STRATEGY HUMMAN REURCE AND MANAGEMENT Human resource management is concord with the management of the employees of in organisation. What is human resource management? * HRM is he management process concerned with efficient and effective utilisation of the organisations employees through the development of policies procedure practices so that the objectives of the organisation are achieved in the long term. * SHRM therefore implies that the organisation must have the right people with the right skills and in the right quantities in order that the organisation can realise its goals. * SHRM and business strategy: The business strategy explains how the organisation intends to achieve its started†¦show more content†¦REVIEW CVs/APPLICATION FORMS AND SHORTLIST: * In most cases, when job vacancies are advertised many applicant will send in their CVs and application forms to express their interest in the vacancy. * Those who best match the person specifications are them shortlisted and invited for a formal interview. 5. INTERVIEW amp; SELECTIION TESSTING; * Interviews are questions and answer session between the employers and applicant * The objective of interviews to enable both parties to get to know each other better. * There are many types of interviews including following; .telephone .face to face .panel * It is expected that the interviews should normally help the employer determine and select the most suitable candidates in terms of their capabilities, competencies, skills, attitudes and personality. SELECTION TESTING; * In some cases, the interview might not determine the most suitable candidates and therefore select ion tests need to be done. * Selection tests are basically tests given to applicants to verify and evaluate their, skills, capabilities and personalities. * There are many types of selection tests including the tests; .numerical tests .written Psychological .persentations on case studies Short term work placement (candidate’s works for the employer for a short time) 6. OBTAIN REFERENCES Before the most suitable candidates are offered the roleShow MoreRelatedBarclays1580 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study on Barclays Bank Introduction This case study paper will analyze the economics of Barclays, one of the largest financial providers in the UK and in the world. It will also use Barclay’s example to illustrate the peculiarities of banking industry functioning. Overview of the Business Barclays is an international financial services provider operating in more than 50 countries and serving more than 42 million customers worldwide. It engages in commercial banking, investment banking, wealthRead MoreStrategic Position With A Franchise Of Bank Of America2090 Words   |  9 Pagesrestaurants and more places. After that, Bank of America in 1958 launched BankAmericad, which years after become to the nowadays known Visa International. In 1988 we could consider that a duality was introduced in the moment that banks could have both cards, Visa and MasterCard. But they don’t allow their members to issue American Express or Discover cards. In UK the first bank to recognize the power of credit cards was Barclays, who negotiated a franchise of Bank of America in 1965. They launch in UKRead MoreQuestions On Advancing Career Development1188 Words   |  5 Pageswhich will be my future career target also. Analysis of Industry: Industry analysis can be analyzed by Porter’s 5 Forces model used to design the marketing strategy for operations. The main objective of this study is that by creating dissimilarity between the industries that can facilitate to identify the formation of the business boundaries decisions. Major role of Porter’s five forces is to understand that what is industry? Porter’s Five Forces Analysis: This outline has the following steps to understandRead MoreA Study on Barclays Bank3772 Words   |  16 PagesBarclays financial service group came to life in the United Kingdom approximately 300 years ago. It started out first as goldsmith bankers and grew and expanded after that. After it became one of the best banks back then, Barclays began acquiring other banks across UK, such as Bolithos in Cornwall and the South West in 1905. By doing this Barclays became known throughout the company and so increased its market shares and profits. Whatever this company did was related to the fact that it wantedRead MoreInvestment Banking And Securities : An Insight Into The Industry s Market Structure1948 Words   |  8 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 – Market Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 1.4 – Market Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.5 – Geography Segmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.6 – Porter’s Five Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 II –Read MorePorter ‘Five Forces Analysis’ for the Banking Industry in Ghana3902 Words   |  16 PagesUndertake a Porter ‘Five Forces Analysis’ for an industry with which you are familiar (1000 words). Introduction This essay is aimed at analyzing Porter’s five forces for the banking industry in Ghana. It gives a brief introduction to the industry and provides a detailed application of the five forces to the industry. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis in the Ghanaian Banking Industry â€Å"Competition for profits goes beyond established industry rivals to include four other competitive forces as well: customersRead MorePorter ‘Five Forces Analysis’ for the Banking Industry in Ghana3910 Words   |  16 PagesUndertake a Porter ‘Five Forces Analysis’ for an industry with which you are familiar (1000 words). Introduction This essay is aimed at analyzing Porter’s five forces for the banking industry in Ghana. It gives a brief introduction to the industry and provides a detailed application of the five forces to the industry. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis in the Ghanaian Banking Industry â€Å"Competition for profits goes beyond established industry rivals to include four other competitive forces as well: customersRead MoreA Report on NatWest Bank and an Analysis of the Banking Industry1930 Words   |  8 PagesReport on NatWest Bank and an Analysis of the Banking Industry 1. Introduction This report focuses on NatWest and the industry in which it operates. The purpose of the report is to give a concise but accurate view of how NatWest operates as an organisation and the links between its environment, in this case the banking industry. Company History =============== National Westminster Bank came into being in 1968 when National Provincial Bank and WestminsterRead MoreBarclaycard11748 Words   |  47 PagesInternal Current Performance o Internal Long-term Performance †¢ External Environment Analysis o STEP Analysis o Porters Five Forces o External Factor Analysis o Industry Analysis (Porter) o Competitor Analysis o Competitive Intelligence †¢ Internal Environment Analysis o Internal Factor Analysis o Organizational Culture o Organization Key success factors o Resource Based Model Analysis o Value Chain Analysis o BCG Growth Matrix Strategy Recommendations o SWOT o TOWS Strategy †¢ PossibleRead MoreFactors Affecting The Operations Of The Banking Industry2688 Words   |  11 PagesENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS The environmental analysis is an evaluation or assessment of different factors affecting the operations of the banking industry or NatWest as a business. The environmental analysis is essentially important for every business as it helps in the understanding of the business environment and trends, it also aids in decision making when planning in an organization (Johnson et al., 2011). External Analysis The external analysis is essentially useful as it highlights the opportunities

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Keeping Animals in Zoos Free Essays

On Sunday afternoons in every major city many families go to the zoo with kids. They always have a lot of fun, see many rare animals, funny monkeys, tall giraffes, huge elephants and cute koalas. But what is going on with animals? On the one hand, animals are safe in zoos, which means they cannot be hurt in their cages. We will write a custom essay sample on Keeping Animals in Zoos or any similar topic only for you Order Now Secondly, animals have enough food, for example, they can always eat in a zoo, while they may be starving in nature. Furthermore, many poachers kill animals for their skin, fur and meat, but they cannot do it to animals in zoos. What is more, there are many species that are almost exterminated, but zoos help them reproduce and keep their species existing. The last but not least, if the natural habitat of some species is destroyed, ruined or is no longer for living in, zoos make cages that look exactly like the natural habitat. On the other hand, animals are kept away from their natural place of living. For instance, lions can never live in Berlin. Another major disadvantage of keeping animals imprisoned is too much noise and stress for them. Many people come to see them. For example, kids come near the cages and tease them, so they have a very stressful life unlike their natural way of living. Not to mention the fact that animals are not free. They are trapped in their cells like in prisons. In conclusion, there are many advantages and disadvantages of keeping animals in zoos and everyone is to judge by himself. However, before that think about yourself being kept in a cage and being seen just as an amusement! How to cite Keeping Animals in Zoos, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Jack Welch Essay Example For Students

Jack Welch Essay Leadership Secret 1- Harness the Power of ChangeIt is important in today’s changing economy that business leaders are not afraid to make necessary changes to succeed. When Jack Welch became CEO of General Electric in 1981, it was a lethargic business, satisfied with its output and entangled in bureaucracy. He understood the competition that overseas markets presented and the need for a new global strategic plan. He was able to envision the true potential of his resources and implemented drastic changes such as the Stretch, Work-Out, and Number One, Number Two business concepts (which will be discussed later) to achieve his goals. Leadership Secret 2- Face Reality!This is the most important rule in Jack Welch’s business strategy. Too many business leaders become comfortable with their performance and refuse to see the need for change. A business leader must understand the importance of accurately defining their company’s current position if they are planning on ma king successful changes. And once problem areas are discovered, managers must act immediately to correct them. When Welch took over at GE, he quickly addressed the common practice of sugar coating financial paperwork that only left a false since of security and insisted that every business unit in the GE empire must be the number one or number two competitor in its respective marketplaces or it would be fix, close, or sold. Leadership Secret 3- Managing Less is Managing BetterManagers need to provide the vision for their employees and instill confidence. Too many times, employees are held back by not having the power to make even the simplest of decisions without approval. Managers should empower their employees and trust that they are giving their total effort. This will give managers more time to work on plans to achieve the long-term goals of the company. Leadership Secret 4- Create a Vision, Then Get Out of the Wayâ€Å"People always overestimate how complex business is. This isn’t rocket science. We’ve chosen one of the world’s most simple professions.† In Jack Welch’s words, business is simple. A leader needs to supply his employees with the information, the resources, the vision, and the atmosphere to succeed and reward them when they do. Welch does not concern himself with the details of GE’s many business units; he only needs to make sure he has the right people in place to carry out his overall vision. Leadership Secret 5- Don’t Pursue a Central Idea; Instead Set Only a Few Clear, Central Goals as Business StrategiesThis secret reiterates Leadership secret 4. A leader needs to set up a framework for the company and not a detailed plan for every entity or situation. Business leaders should also establish a set of core values that will always remain constant with the company’s long-term goals. Leadership Secret 6- Nurture the Employees Who Share The Company’s ValuesA company’s values must remain constant. They highlight how a company treats its employees, customers, and competition. And, having employees that professionally live by these values is essential in maintaining a company’s vision. Jack Welch separates managers into three different categories: Category A managers meet their goals and share in the company values. Their future is bright in the company. Category B managers don’t always achieve good numbers but do share in the values.These managers should be encouraged to improve and should be assured security in the company. Category C managers always make the numbers but do not follow the company’s values and beliefs about business. These managers usually run a dictatorship type operation with little respect for their employees’ work and knowledge. Although, they are reaching their goals, they need to be let go before they unravel the continuity and respect that is essential for success. Part II- Igniting a Revolution: Strategies for Dealing with ChangeLeadership Secret 7- Evaluate Your Business with a Fresh Eye and Decide WhatNeeds Fixing, What Needs Nurturing, and What Needs to be Jettisoned!This secret is a prelude of how Jack Welch moved against the traditional grain of the 115 year old GE Empire and made unconventional decisions to carry the company into the 21st century. It expresses the need to have your â€Å"finger on the pulse of the environment inside and outside the company.† Don’t be bound by tradition and control. Leadership Secret 8- Be number One or Number Two and Keep Redefining Your MarketThe Number One, Number Two Concept was Jack Welch’s way of demanding the most out of his managers and businesses. His strategy was every business unit in GE either be number one or number two in their respective markets. His reasoning behind this is that the top two competitors in a market could survive a slow growth economy and that everyone else would experience compounding problems during an economic downturn. Also, the top two companies would generate enough income to advance the technology of products and the production processes, which would result in higher quality and competitive pricing. Leadership Secret 9- Downsize, Before it’s Too LateDownsizing is a nasty word in business and is usually only associated with companies in some type of economic turmoil. When Jack Welch became CEO at General Electric, profits were over one billion dollars a year and there seemed to be no apparent problems. But, he knew that some business units were not going to succeed under his Number One, Number Two strategy and not all the those employees could be reassigned. He also knew that he needed to upgrade equipment to surpass the productivity of GE’s competitors. Jack Welch stressed the need to downsize now, before it presented more complex problems in the future. He knew the move would make him quite unpopular, but today GE, through acquisitions and mergers employs far more people than it did before Jack Welch took over. Three Reasons Against Gun Control EssayLeadership Secret 20- Go Before Your Workers and Answer All their QuestionsNow, with so many people in the company asking questions and presenting problems, it was necessary that everyone received an answer. Leaving questions unanswered would only discourage employees to speak out, and good ideas would go unheard. Questions were broken down into two categories, Rattlers and Pythons. Rattlers were easy problems to solve. They could receive a yes or no answer on the spot. Pythons, on the other hand, were problems that were entangled between different business units and suppliers and required some effort to solve. Nonetheless, everyone received answers to their proposals, no matter how involved the project. Part IV- Next Generation Leadership: Initiatives for Driving- And Sustaining- Double-digit GrowthLeadership Secret 21- Stretch: Exceed Your Goals as Often as You CanThe concept of Stretch was developed to get the most out of General Electric employees. Workers were asked to establish near impossible goals and give 110% to achieve them; and, those employees that reach their goals would be nicely rewarded. But, even if they fell short, they still would exceed their normal standards. As long as managers did not reprimand employees that didn’t reach there goals, Stretch would definitely boost productivity. Leadership Secret 22- Make Quality a Top PriorityNow, that Jack Welch had set his Stretch and Work-Out concepts into motion, productivity was at an all-time high. It was now time to shift the focus of the company to quality in GE products. Only products of the highest quality would provide customer satisfaction and create customer loyalty. Welch’s quality initiative was soon followed by the implementation of the Six Sigma Quality Concept. Leadership Secret 23- Make Quality the Job of every EmployeeThe Six Sigma Quality initiative was a program used to drastically reduce the number of defects in the production process. It was pioneered by Motorola and proved to be very effective. Jack Welch hoped to implement the process in five years, half the time it took Motorola to reach its goals. He figured, with the help of Stretch and the Work-out program, his employees could take the Motorola example and run with it. Six Sigma involved using statistical information to reduce defects in the product and the production process by 10,000 times. At its implementation, GE had 35,000 defects per 1,000,000 items (3.5 sigma). The goal was to reduce that number to 3.5 defects per 1,000,000. Leadership Secret 24- Make Sure Everyone Understands How Six Sigma WorksSix Sigma has to become a way of life for a company. It involves measuring every process, analyzing each of them, and improving upon them. There are four different players in the Six Sigma process, Champions, Master Black Belts, Black Belts, and Green Belts. Champions are top management executives that present the project. There are 7 to 10 Champions in each GE business. Master Black Belts are trained to teach Black Belts the statistical formulas needed to solve a particular problem. They also act as a mentor to help guide Black Belts through projects. Black Belts are directly involved in the project and are in charge of measuring, analyzing, and improving each process. They report back to the Champions. Green Belts assists Black Belts on a part-time basis, to help them gather information and implement new processes. It is important that all employees understand the Six Sigma process, and that they are striving to help produce the highest quality product at all times. After five years of operating under the Six Sigma process, GE has saved more than $2 billion dollars. Leadership Secret 25- Make Sure the Customer Feels QualityIt is important that the customers know how they directly benefit from the Six Sigma process. Whether, it’s from a reduction in delivery time or an improved design that makes a product run faster and more efficiently, make sure the customers feel the effects or Six Sigma is not a success. Leadership Secret 26- Grow Your Service Business- It’s the Wave of the FutureAfter producing high quality products at high productivity rates, companies should direct more attention to the services side of an industry. The growth rates for product services increases more rapidly than that of product productions, so there is great incentive to direct your primary resources to provide service after the sale. Leadership Secret 27, 28, 29- Turn Your Business into an e-CompanyThe Internet is the future of business. Bring your company up-to-date and provide customers, not only with product descriptions and information, but with a way to shop, communicate and interact with your company via the web. The Internet also provides less chance for human error in the ordering process because fewer individuals have to handle information. And, most importantly, the Internet speeds up operations, whether it is use for sending information to employees or receiving custom orders from customers. Jack Welch has definitely revolutionized the business approach. He has proven, over the years, that his techniques and concepts are extremely effective and that business leaders, worldwide, should heed his advice. This book provides a small glance into the methods and methodology of, arguably, one of the greatest managers of our time!Bibliography:

Friday, November 29, 2019

Figerouas Framework Essay Example

Figerouas Framework Essay Equity affects nearly all aspects of our lives none less than sports such as beach volleyball. Sport is an integral part of today’s society and as such, sport should be organised, participated in and distributed in an equitable manner. The aim of equity in sports is to encourage all people, regardless of age, gender, disability or ethnic origin to participate in and develop their potential within sport. Disputes over equity have been apparent in our society for hundreds of years, over such things as gender, religion or race.A framework developed by Figueroa deals with equity. It consists of five levels that link together – individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural and cultural. The following paragraphs demonstrate the use of Figueroa Framework as a tool to analyse the barriers to my performance in beach volleyball and part of this involves a peer evaluation (Appendix A). Each of these levels interacts with equity issues in various ways. These numerous levels deal with social beliefs, values, social position, power, media coverage, resources and rewards (Kirk et al, 2004).Each of the five levels mentioned above relates to the others in some way. Equity and Access Two concepts that are important to sociology are the closely linked ideas of equity and access. Equity is studied to determine whether resources are distributed fairly to all members of a society. Sociologists also study whether all individuals within a society have access to resources or whether barriers or obstacles are in place to prevent certain groups of people from accessing them.In sport, studying equity and access helps us to understand why some people are less likely than others to participate in sport and physical activity. Different types of barriers—which can vary from the financial cost of sporting equipment to cultural attitudes about the types of activities that are appropriate for males and females—can restrict individuals’ access to some spo rts and physical activities. Many would argue that it is impossible to provide exactly the same opportunities and access to all members of society.For example, is it realistic to expect that a teenager living on a remote cattle station will have the same access to surfing as another teenager living in a coastal town? While some barriers, such as distance, cannot easily be overcome, many barriers that relate to people’s beliefs and attitudes about sport and physical activity can be removed. The study of equity and access in sport is primarily about reducing and removing the unreasonable and irrelevant barriers to participation—such as discrimination, prejudices and stereotyping.This may require a shift in current attitudes. For these reasons, the sociological study of access and equity in sport looks primarily at social attitudes and expectations that create barriers to participation—in particular, how such barriers are formed, how they are reinforced, how they i nfluence individuals’ behaviour Cultural level History, cultural identity, socialisation, social construction of gender stereotypes, hegemonic masculinity, ethnic background Structural level Policies, funding, media, development programs, marketing, sponsorship Institutional levelCommunity, school, facilities, rules, religion Interpersonal level Peers, family, teachers, coaches, role models Interpersonal level Peers, family, teachers, coaches, role models Individual level Values, attitudes, personality, genes The cultural level The cultural level of Figueroa’s framework includes a society’s values, beliefs and attitudes, which are the product of factors that include the social group’s history, culture and ethnic background. Society’s values, beliefs and attitudes shape and infl uence equity in and access to sport.For example, consider the cultural attitudes to masculinity, femininity and sport. Traditionally, sport has been seen as a male domain; w omen have been seen as supporters or as people without interest in sport. Sports that are appropriate for men and those that are appropriate for women have been clearly differentiated. As these cultural barriers are slowly removed, women are gaining greater access and opportunities in sport. A society’s history and culture also affect sporting culture in other ways.Cultural factors can infl uence the type of sports that individuals within that society participate in. For example, consider the sports that are regularly watched or played in Queensland. Are they different from the sports preferred in Western Australia or somewhere further away, such as Canada? Such differences are the results of different sporting cultures. The structural level The structural level of Figueroa’s framework includes the infl uence of government, business and the media.Applying this level of Figueroa’s framework to sport means investigating the relationship between the media and sport s promotion, the allocation of government funding for sports programs, and how the corporate sector affects sport and sports participation through sponsorship and other funding. For example, the Australian government funds and operates several organisations—such as the Australian Sports Commission—that aim to improve sports participation, promote equity and access to sport for all Australians, and improve Australians’ sporting performance.It is the structural level that provides many insights into how funding is allocated to sport. The institutional level The institutional level of Figueroa’s framework level examines the institutions within society that affect sport and physical activity. Institutions such as schools, community groups, sporting clubs, and religious groups are able to help shape positive attitudes to sport and physical activity. Schools feature prominently when discussing how people’s early attitudes towards sport are shaped. Some s chools with strong sporting traditions reinforce participation in sport.The sports that students are encouraged to participate in can depend on the school’s history and traditions, the facilities and equipment available, and the expertise of the teachers. The institutional level is not just about the influence of schools; it also looks at the availability of facilities and the structure of organised sport within a community. The rules of different sports are also considered as part of an analysis of the institutional level. Sporting rules, which are determined and standardised by sports’ governing organisations, can restrict access to certain groups and individuals.The interpersonal level The interpersonal level of Figueroa’s framework is used to investigate the relationships that affect whether an individual will develop a lifelong association with sport. Most of us are influenced, directly or indirectly, by the people around us. Whose role is the most crucial? Parents? Peers? Siblings? Teachers? Coaches? Sporting role models? The individual level The individual level of Figueroa’s framework examines why individuals choose to participate in physical activity. The reasons vary from person to person.For many people, the word ‘exercise’ is associated with images of unpleasant, vigorous activity that just makes them dirty, sweaty and uncomfortable. Others see exercise as something they must do to improve fitness or as a normal part of their daily life. For others, exercise is something that they do for enjoyment. While each of the other levels has some bearing, decisions about sport and physical activity are ultimately made by the individual. Genes, values, attitudes and personalities are specific to each individual. This is reflected in differences between family members.

Monday, November 25, 2019

5 Types of Unnecessary Hyphenation

5 Types of Unnecessary Hyphenation 5 Types of Unnecessary Hyphenation 5 Types of Unnecessary Hyphenation By Mark Nichol The sentences below, each followed by a discussion and a revision, illustrate various ways in which a hyphen is used extraneously. 1. He adds that cities should be forced to follow a federally-defined law pertaining to what kinds of benefits restaurants should be required to provide to their employees. Because adverbial phrases such as â€Å"federally defined† (where the adverb federally modifies the adjective defined, which in turn modifies a noun) so closely resemble adjectival phrases such as â€Å"little known† (where the adjectives little and known combine to modify a noun), and phrases in the latter category are usually hyphenated before a noun, adverbial phrases are also often (incorrectly) hyphenated. Here, as in the case of all adverbial phrases ending in -ly, â€Å"federally defined† is not hyphenated: â€Å"He adds that cities should be forced to follow a federally defined law pertaining to what kinds of benefits restaurants should be required to provide to their employees.† (However, flat adverbs- those lacking the -ly ending- are hyphenated to an adjective when the adverbial phrase precedes a noun, such as â€Å"high ranking.† 2. Most of them are small- and medium-sized cities many people may never have heard of. Small is followed by a hyphen here as if it constitutes a case of suspended hyphenation, where a repetition (in this case) of sized is implied, but the two elements modifying cities are not â€Å"small sized† and â€Å"medium sized,† but rather small and â€Å"medium sized,† so the hyphen after small is erroneous: â€Å"Most of them are small and medium-sized cities many people may never have heard of.† 3. The film was among the highest-grossing that year. A phrasal adjective is generally not hyphenated when it follows the noun it modifies: â€Å"The film was among the highest grossing that year.† (Alternatively, retain the hyphen but insert a synonym for the noun after the phrasal adjective, as in â€Å"The film was among the highest-grossing releases that year.†) 4. The developers proposed to phase-in that part of the project over the course of several years. â€Å"Phase in† consists of a verb and a preposition, which have no need of a hyphen to signal their interrelationship: â€Å"The developers proposed to phase in that part of the project over the course of several years.† (This error likely exists as a result of a confusion of the phrase with its use as an adjectival phrase, where a hyphen is valid, and as the noun phase-in, similar to built-in.) 5. Jones is a past-president of the organization. In this sentence, past is an adjective modifying president, and as such, it should not be attached to the word it modifies: â€Å"Jones is a past president of the organization.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?How to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Intercultural film analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intercultural film analysis - Assignment Example In disappointment, Akeem leaves for America to look for a woman who â€Å"arouses my intellect as well as my loins.† The other part of the film is about the sojourn and the task of finding a suitable wife in a culturally different land. The use of verbal communication to shape individual perceptions and ultimately cultural views is notably portrayed in the film. For instance, Daryl, Akeem’s romantic rival, at one point disapproves of the prince’s African upbringing saying, â€Å"Wearing clothes must be a new experience for you.† (Wikipedia, 2013). In so saying, Daryl confirms what many Americans think of Africans. In the film, Akeem speaks fluent English thus defying the notion that foreigners can be recognized by how they speak. Further, the fact that he speaks with remarkably standard grammar and enunciation says a lot about the African American English as not being an African language. Akeem’s personality portrays the cultural distance between the United States and Africa without allowing for the expression of that distance as a contrast between the advanced West and the poor Africa. The film does not depict any language barriers resulting from the interplay of the interaction of cultures. In fact, all the characters in the film are portrayed as speaking the same language and communication is effective. However, despite this ‘standardization’ of language, the film is not free of stereotyping as shown in the treatment Akeem get from Daryl. Furthermore, the fact that Daryl is American makes him feel that his thoughts and ideas are much better than Akeem’s, who pretends to be a poor foreign student while in America. The use of language is particularly important as evidenced in the manner in which Akeem and his aide make new friends and acquire jobs at McDowell’s. The fact that Akeem could speak the American language did not necessarily incorporate him

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Phizer Marketing and Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phizer Marketing and Products - Essay Example The ultimate aim of every marketing activities of Pfizer is to maximize sales through increased prescription writing. Pfizer know that majority of the patients all over the world are purchasing medicines based on the prescriptions from their doctors. So, Pfizer’s advertising strategies give number one priority to doctors rather than patients. They know very well that once the doctor prescribes their medicine, most of the patients may purchase it without a second thought. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of drugs has been legal in the USA since 1985, but only really took off in 1997 when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) eased up on a rule obliging companies to offer a detailed list of side-effects in their infomercials (Direct-to-consumer advertising under fire, 2009) Targeted ads are possible nowadays because of the rapidly increasing popularity of internet and social media. Sending of customized emails is one of the major marketing strategy implemented by many of th e prominent organizations like Pfizer. Pfizer uses social media like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace etc to reach out individual customers. In short, Direct To Consumer advertising (DTC) is one of the prominent advertising channels in Pfizer’s’ marketing activities. ... â€Å"The New York Times reports that Pfizer is planning to lock up the market for heart treatments by bundling its new drug (toretrapib, which is still in experimental stage of development) to the company's bestselling cholesterol lowering drug, Lipitor† (Pfizer Marketing Scheme Stirs Concern_NYT, 2005). The aim of Pfizer is to have two birds for one shot. In other words, they are trying to exploit the publicity and brand value generated by its new product for selling some of their existing products. Even though the above marketing strategy has raised many criticisms, Pfizer do not bother about such criticisms and they are going ahead with the marketing strategy of forcing the heart patients to purchase more Pfizer products. â€Å"Marketing activities with health care professionals must convey full and substantiated information about the side effects and the safety profile of medicines† (Practicing ethical sales and marketing, 2011). In order to strengthen the bondage between the consumers and the company, Pfizer reveals the side effects associated with each of the drug they sell. The above strategy helped Pfizer to increase the confidence of the people over Pfizer products. It should be noted that most of the other pharmaceutical companies do not have the habit of revealing the side effects of their products in their marketing campaigns because of their concerns about the possible negative impacts. Pfizer always believe in telling the truth to the consumers which helped them to increase the relationships with its customers. Pfizer succeeded in partitioning the entire market based on the differences in the purchasing behaviors of the consumers. â€Å"Segmentation analysis is actually based on the theoretical belief that every

Monday, November 18, 2019

Electromagnetic Waves Principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electromagnetic Waves Principles - Assignment Example The waves are usually emitted and absorbed by charged particles. This is exactly how the radio waves are usually transmitted in wireless communication. The waves have got both the magnetic as well as the electric field oscillating perpendicularly to each other and also perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Radio waves are usually in the range of 10 kHz to 100 GHz. The smaller ranges of the radio waves are usually used in the deep space telecommunication. However, the frequency as well as the wavelength of a propagated electromagnetic wave depends on its source. The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all the types of the electromagnetic radiation. Radiation is the type of energy that travels while spreading out as it goes. Some electromagnetic spectrum is invisible to the naked eye. However, they all have the properties of frequency and wavelength. The frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum is defined as the number of cycles of a wave that passes a particular point in one second. It is measured in Hertz. On the other hand, the wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum is defined as the distance from the peak of a particular wave to the next one. It is measured in meters. The two attributes are however inversely proportional to each other. The longer the wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum is, the smaller the frequency of the spectrum and vice versa. However, the shorter the wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum, the more energetic is the light. The frequency and wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum are related in a precise mathematical formula. The wavelength is normally expressed by the Greek letter lambda (ÃŽ »). On the other hand, the frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum is usually expressed as nu (ÃŽ ½). Their relationship is therefore expressed as: a.) Radio frequency is the rate of oscillation of waves between the ranges of 3 kHz to 300Â  GHz. Very low

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Health Promotion: Post Natal Depression

Health Promotion: Post Natal Depression The issues of health and health promotion initiatives have gained much significance in the recent past. Stephens (2008:5) comments that from a social perspective health are understood as much more than a matter for individual experience and responsibility; health behaviour is seen in terms of relationship with others and health is structured by society. World HealthOrganisation(WHO) constitution of 1948, defines health as a state of complete, physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It also adds that health has been considered less as an abstract state and more as a means to an end which can be expressed in functional terms as a resource which permits people to lead an individually, socially and economically productive life, with respect to health promotion. (WHO, Geneva, 1986). WHO recognizes the spiritual dimension of health and regards health as a fundamental human right and states that the basic resources for health should be acc essible for all people. According to WHO, health promotion represents a comprehensive social and political process, which not only embraces actions aimed at strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals, but also acts toward changing social, environmental and economic conditions so as to alleviate their impact on public and individual health. Its also the process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health (WHO official website) The concept of social determinants of health needs to be considered while discussing health and health promotion initiatives. According to a study conducted by Bambra et.al(2008), the wider social determinants of health were listed out as water and sanitation, agriculture and food, health and social care services, unemployment and welfare, working conditions, housing and community, education and transport. The term health promotion has variously been used to refer to a social movement, an ideology, a discipline, a strategy, a profession, and a strategy or field of practice delineated by commitment to key values(Keith and Tones, 2010).According to ODonnell (2009), health promotion is the art and science of discovering the synergies between their core passions and optimal health enhancing their motivation to strive for optimal health and supporting them in changing their life style to move toward a state of optimal health, which is a dynamic balance of emotional, social, spiritual and intellectual health. Tones and Tilford (2009) is of the opinion that health promotion as a quasi-political movement and professional activity can be described as militant wing of public health. At a general level health promotion has come to represent a unifying concept for those who recognize the need for change in the ways and conditions of living to promote health (Fleming and Parker, 2006). Post natal depression Postnatal depression is one of the most discussed topics in health today. This assignment discusses postnatal depression in detail, considering the significance it has and the risks associated with Postnatal depression, among the women in the United Kingdom. There has been a growing international recognition of postnatal depression as a major public health concern (Oates et.al, 2004). The government policy (Department of Health, 2004) recognises that the mental disorders during pregnancy and the post natal period can have serious consequences for individual women, their partners, babies and other children. Perinatal psychiatric disorder is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the UK (Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths, 2001).NICE (2007) observes that the mental disorders which occur during pregnancy and the postnatal period can seriously affect the health and wellbeing of a mother and her baby, as well as for her p artner and other family members. This condition is a form of maternal morbidity that affects about one in eight women from diverse cultures and is a leading cause of maternal mortality(Dennis, 2009).Dennis(2009) also comments that postnatal depression can also have serious consequences for the health and well being of the family as the infants and children are particularly vulnerable to it impaired maternal-infant interactions can have an impact on the cognitive, social ,emotional and behavioural development of the children. According to the latest reports it is estimated that approximately 75000 women within the United Kingdom are affected by postnatal depression (Hanley and Hanley, 2009).Craig (2008) comments that postnatal depression has been various defined as non-psychotic depression occurring during the first six months, the first four weeks and the first three months post partum; but recently three months postpartum was suggested in the United Kingdom. There have been many views by various authors about postnatal depression. Wheatley (2006) comments that postnatal depression affects between 10 and 20 percent of women who have had babies, and it causes distress at a time when there is every reason for happiness. Wheatley (2006) adds that the symptoms vary from person to person as for some symptoms can be mild and for other women, it can lead to serious consequences including bouts of depression. However, the case of postnatal depression which is serious enough to warrant treatment percentage is bet ween 7% and 35%. Dalton and Holton (2001) defines that postnatal depression is one of the symptoms of a serious mental condition known as postnatal illness. They opine that postnatal illness covers a range of afflictions which range from sadness to infanticide which start after child birth. The disorders associated with postnatal illness are blues, postnatal depression, puerperal psychosis and infanticide or homicide. Dalton and Holton (2001, p.3) defines postnatal depression as the first occurrence of psychiatric symptoms severe enough to require medical help occurring after childbirth and before the return of menstruation. They add that it does not include the blues, and excludes the condition of those who have previously sought psychiatric help because of other psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, manic depression, depression or drug abuse. Feeney (2001) is of the view that although the symptom of postnatal depression is dysphoric (depressed) mood, this state is also acco mpanied by other symptoms like extreme fatigue, strong feelings of guilt, disturbance of sleep and loss of appetite. Hanzak (2005) attributes the occurrence of postnatal depression to three factors; biological, psychological and social causes. She lists out some of the possible reasons for postnatal depression as history of disturbed early life, loss of own mother, current marital or family conflicts, infertility and investigations for four or more years , loss of a previous pregnancy, adoption or fostering, high medical anxieties over the pregnancy, admission to hospital for longer than one week over the last three months of pregnancy ,major upheavals or stress over the last three months, emergency Caesarean section, neonatal illnesses, hormonal changes and personal or family history of depression Walsh (2009) comments that the occurrence of postnatal depression is linked with birth experience. Parker (2009) had earlier opined that if the birth was traumatic, there are high chances for postnatal depression. Epidemiological factors of poverty, social class and low income influence the chances of postnatal depression (Gale and Harlow, 2003). Walsh (2009) puts forward a view that postnatal depression can affect fathers and children and hence its important to maintain communication and interaction between family members. Cox and Holden (2001) are of the opinion that the consequences of maternal depression are costly not only on a personal level, but also in terms of money and personnel level as well. They put forward an interesting point that when there is contact between professionals and mothers is high detection of postnatal depression is very low and that the failure to diagnose depression may be attributed to short appointments, a physical orientation of care and an emphasis on the babys rather than the mothers well being. Most cases of postnatal depression can be dealt with at primary care level with monitoring by the family doctor and interventions by primary care staff (Cox and Holden, 2001). Health promotion models and approaches Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991) had proposed that the factors which influence health are multidimensional and suggests a model which illustrates the wider determinants of health. The main factors according to them are general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions, living and working conditions, social and community influences, individual lifestyle factors, age, sex and hereditary factors. The model depicts individuals as central characters, who are influenced by various other determinants, which play a major role in influencing their health factors. Source: Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991) Another model which is widely discussed with relation to health promotion is the stages of change model. Bunton et.al(2000) proposes that the transtheoretical or stages of change model has greatly influenced health promotion practices in the United States of America, Australia and the United Kingdom since the late 1980s.The stages of change model was focused on encouraging change for people with addictive behaviour. People go through several stages when trying to change behaviour (Naidoo and Wills, 2000). Fertman (2010) asserts that behaviour change occurs in stages and that a person moving through these stages in a very specific sequence constitutes the change. According to this model, there are five stages of change, which are listed as pre contemplation, contemplation, preparing for change, making the change and maintenance. The health belief important model is a well known theoretical model, which emphasises the role of beliefs in decision making. This model which was proposed by Rosenstock(1966) and modified by Brecker(1974) proposes that whether or not people change their behaviour will be influenced by an evaluation of its feasibilities and the comparisons of its benefits weighted against the costs. Evans et.al (2005) comments that the major three health promotion approaches are the behaviour change approach, the self-empowerment approach and the collective action or community development approach. They add that these approaches have different goals and adopt different ways to achieve their goals and propose different criteria for their evaluation, though they have a common aim to promote good health and to prevent the effects of ill health. Each of these approaches has a unique understanding of the origins of health and health behaviour and subsequently of their objectives in health promotion and these three approaches are mutually complimentary. (Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, 2004). NICE (2007) defines behaviour change as the product of individual or collective human actions, seen within and influenced by their structural, social and economic context. Resnicow and Waughan (2006) comment that the study of health behaviour change has historically been rooted in a cognitive-rational paradigm. The models such as social cognitive theory, the health belief model, the transtheoretical model have viewed behavioral change as an interaction of factors such as knowledge, attitude, belief etc (Rimer and Lewis, 2002; Baranowski et.al, 2003).It has been suggested by the evidences that behavior change occurs in stages or steps and that movement through these stages is cyclical involving a pattern of adoption, maintenance, relapse and readoption over time. It has been suggested by the evidences that behavior change occurs in stages or steps and that movement through these stages is cyclical involving a pattern of adoption, maintenance, relapse and re adoption over time(Di paitro and Hughes, 2003).. According to NICE (2007) the attempts to promote or support behaviour change take a number of forms, which are activities which can be delivered at a number of levels, ranging from local, one to one interactions with individuals to national campaigns. NICE(2007) divides interventions into four main categories as policy-such as legislation ,education or communication-such as one to one advice, group teaching or media campaigns, technologies-such as the use of seat belts, breathalyses , resources-such as leisure centre entry, free condoms or free nicotine replacement therapy. According to the Victorian Health foundation (2004) the behavioural approach focuses on implementing interventions to change or remove behavioural health risk factors. Interventions from this perspective are targeted at a particular behavioural risk factor associated with a particular negative health outcome, and they target a population performing the behavioural risk factor and endeavour to promote health through various strategies. However, Craig et.al (2008) adds that behaviour change interventions are generally complex to design, deliver and evaluate.Michie (2008) states that more investment in developing the scientific methods for behavioural change studies is essential. Behavioural science is relevant to all phases of the process of implementing evidence-based health care; development of evidence through the primary studies, synthesizing the findings in systematic reviews, translation of evidence into guidelines and practice recommendations and implementing these recommendatio ns in practice(Michie,2008). Dunn et.al (2006) proposes that Item Response modeling (IRM) can be used to improve the psychometric methods in health education and health behaviour research and practice. They add that IRM is already being adopted to improve and revise quality of life questionnaires. However Masse et.al (2006) comments that a number of issues seem to stunt the application of IRM methods, as they list out the following issues (i) Lack of IRM applications in the context of health education and health behavior research; (ii) lack of awareness as to what IRM can do beyond assessing the psychometric properties of a scale; (iii) lack of trained psychometricians trained in our field. It is to be noted that the behaviour change approach came under criticism from various quarters. The major criticisms pointed out by Marks et.al(2005) were the inabilities to target the major socio-economic causes of ill health, possible incompatibilities of the top-down recommendations with community norms, values and practices, the assumption of a direct link between knowledge attitudes and behaviour and the assumption of homogeneity among the receivers of health promotion messages. Post natal depression-Current significance and ethical considerations Post natal depression is a matter of serious concern in the current age, as many women are being affected by it. Almond (2010) comment that post natal depression can be deemed a public health problem as the effects of it are known to go beyond the mother and it also affects the partner and the child. He adds that it can lead to infanticide as well as maternal death by suicide and according to evidences, all countries are faced with the challenge of postnatal depression, and the most affected countries are the low and middle income countries. The NICE guidelines for the clinical management of antenatal and postnatal mental health (2007) have observed the risks associated with postnatal depression. Ramchandani (2005) concurs to it and observes that the postnatal depression in fathers can have long-term consequences for the development of their child, on behavioural and emotional aspects. A study entitled The children of the 90s by Bristol University in 2008, had found that post natal d epression in fathers can have long lasting psychological effects on their children. A notable observation in this study was that the boys born to depressed fathers are twice as likely as other boys to have chances of developing behavioural problems by the age of three and a half. It is essential to look into the long term consequences posed by the problem. Ramchandani (2008) points out that the conduct problems at the age of three to four years are strongly predictive of serious conduct problems in the future, increased criminality and significantly increased societal costs. The quotes by Ramchandani points out the threats posed by the depression among the fathers of new born babies. The impact of postnatal depression can be highly detrimental to a society, as proved by the recent unfortunate happening of a depressed teacher killing her baby in Exeter, as a result of the depression. Policy drivers There have been lots of developments over the last few years in policy on the mental health and womens services (NICE, 2007). NSF for Child Health and Maternity was published in 2004 and is a 10 year programme that is aimed at the long term and sustained improvement in childrens health. Setting standards for health and social services for children, young people and pregnant women, the NSF aims to ensure fair, high quality and integrated health and social care from pregnancy to adulthood (NHS, 2007). NICE(2007) lists out the four main strands of policy relevant to antenatal and postnatal mental health as National service frameworks(NSFs), (particularly the mental health NSF,NSF for children young people and maternity services),policy to ensure equal access to responsive mental health services( especially services that meet needs of women, people from minority ethnic groups), public health policy and policy on commissioning and delivering health care and social care services in the com munity and the policy concerned with strategies for improving mental health services. The screening for postnatal depression is highly talked about in the field of psychology and medicine today. Currie and Radematcher (2004) argues that pediatric providers are aware of the prevalence of postnatal depression and its effect on new born babies. However, there have been arguments for and against screening for postnatal depression and hence the practitioners should consider them carefully (Coyne et.al, 2000). The view proposed by Chauldron et.al (2007) is that from the legal and ethical standpoints and the perspective of feasibility, the benefits of screening outweigh the risks. However, they add that, the implementation must be seen as an iterative process, and implementing the screening for post natal depression in a systematic and comprehensive approach is critical to the ultimate well-being of children and families.Basten (2009) proposes that more studies in the field of psychotherapeutic research and psychological areas are required. This is in conformance with the ob servation by De Tychey ,Briancon et.al, 2008) that the diagnostic techniques need to be improved for both caregivers and sufferers through education and the communication should be promoted, focusing on the fostering of parenting skills as a preventive measure against Post Natal Depression.(de Tychey, Brianà §on et al. 2008). One of the recent studies by Norman et.al (2010) has found out that exercise can help women in combating postnatal depression and that the specialised routines could help new mothers decrease the chances of depression by upto 50 percent. Partnership working Partnership working is a very important term in the current health and social care system in the United Kingdom. Partnership working can be defined as a system where two or more disciples work collaboratively to deliver optimal care to an individual (NHS, 2007). In the context of post natal depression partnership working refers to working in partnership with the team involved in the mother and the newborn baby, which includes pediatricians and obstetricians(Byrom et.al,2009) .Douglas(2008) points out that partnership working is recognised as the most effective way of improving social care services. Department of Health (2006) had stressed that the action to improve health and care services will be underpinned through working in partnerships between individuals, communities, business, voluntary organizations, public services and government.Butt(2008) argues that partnerships have international appeal as a means to integrate health and social services in response to the realisation tha t both sectors serve populations whose complex needs cannot be met adequately through segmented approaches. Partnership working with women having mental health problems can be a challenging task (Department of health, 2008). According to NICE (2007) the impact of partnership working is a function of a number of features of joint working and it is possible to categorise partnerships along a number of descriptive variables such as membership, structures, leadership, agendas and organisational cultures. Previous studies have shown that the working of people involved in the care of women with post natal depression, a trusting partnership can be developed between carers, patients and professionals, which will be beneficial to all. Feeney et.al (2001) had proposed that working in partnerships with families is an essential component of effective programming in the early developmental stages of children. Hence partnership working holds a very important role in the post natal period as, it would be able to relieve the emotional stress which many women go through. It was observed by NICE (2007) that developing trust and accommodating relationships within facilitating partnerships is imperative to the attainment of partnership goals, and issues of process are highly important building blocks to success.Sorin (2002) comments that there are many reasons to establish partnerships and asserts that the family is the most significant influence on the mothers post natal health as well as the childs development and well being. Sorin( 2002) adds that partnerships that develop to address fear and other emotions can work towards understanding appropriate expression of these emotions, which include learning words to describe the emotion using forms like music ,talking to others . A report on safety in maternity services published by Kings fund (2008) emphasises the significance of team work and collaboration in ensuring the safety of mothers and babies and points out that effective team work can increase safety, whereas poor teamwork can be detrimental to the safety. The report proposes several solutions to resolve the difficulties in team work. The main suggestions include ensuring clarity about the objectives of the team and roles and that there is effective leadership among the group and clarity in procedures for communication is present (Byrom et.al, 2009). It is important to look into the barriers which affect the concept of partnership working. Lester et.al(2008) comments that there are barriers to closer working in partnerships, which include cultural differences, the time factor which is required to create and maintain relationships and recognition of the advantages of remaining a small and autonomous organisation. Conclusion This essay has critically analysed the effect of the behavioural change approach intervention of postnatal depression to address the needs of women who are more at risk in the United Kingdom. Various factors which lead to postnatal depression have been explained in the essay. It can be concluded that postnatal depression is to be seriously taken care of, and that the impact of postnatal depression can have serious consequences for society. The various health promotion models have portrayed the linkages between beliefs and behavioral changes. The essay has pointed out the importance of partnership working in improving the conditions of mothers and newborn babies. Effective working in partnerships can go a long way in alleviating the concerns of the mothers and improving the mental health of the new born babies, as they play a very important role in framing the future characteristics of the new born babies. A recent study by the University of Leicester has found out that women are less likely to become depressed in the year after childbirth if they have an NHS health visitor who has undergone additional mental health training. These findings point out the fact that postnatal depression can be effectively tackled with external help. The studies about postnatal depression and the concept of partnership working have been very effective in improving the health care system in the United Kingdom and hence serve as an interesting topic for future researches in the field.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Didions Some Dreamers of the Golden Dream Essay examples -- Didion Dr

Didion's "Some Dreamers of the Golden Dream" In "Some Dreamers of the Golden Dream," the author Didion uses fiery imagery to parallel the San Bernardino Valley to hell.   It is a place where the "hills blaze up spontaneously," and "every voice seems a scream." (p.3)   Didions hellish descriptions of the geography reflect the culture of San Bernardino Valley.   It is "where the hot wind blows and the old ways do not seem relevant, where the divorce rate is double the national average." (p.4)   In this culture, the importance of   the "old ways," such as a long-lasting marriage, are devalued.   It is a society where the "dream [is] teaching the dreamers how to live," (p.17) and where reality doesnt hamper peoples obsessions and greediness.   In the essay "Some Dreamers of the Golden Dream," the San Bernardino Valleys self-indulgent culture devaluates societys morals and ethics such as religion, law, love, and life. In the San Bernardino Valley, tele-evangelism, Christian gospel spread through television, is prominent.   It is "the California where it is easy to Dial-A-Devotion, but hard to buy a book." (p.4)   It is a society where anyone with money can buy a devotion to God with the dialing of a number.   The usage of religion as a money-making business defiles the sanctity of societys most sacred and cherished belief.   However, money is made so morals and ethics are ignored.   Another example of this immorality is Edward Foley, Lucilles Millers attorney.   He sa...

Monday, November 11, 2019

Marketing Plan for Langkawi

Executive summary Langkawi, such an amazing island, attracted a lot of people from all over the world. Unbalanced regional development, domestic and foreign tourism competition make Langkawi cannot get a development very well, that is the reason why Langkawi cannot be the world-wild attraction. A right marketing plan can make Langkawi give full play to its advantages and make up for weakness, and then get a good development of marketing. Setting marketing objectives, confirm target markets, use marketing strategies to develop a marketing plan for Langkawi is the focal point of this article.Introduction Langkawi, â€Å"The Island of Legend† is located 108 kilometers northwest of Peninsular Malaysia, the border of Malaysia and Thailand. Comprising a group of 104 islands, the biggest one is Langkawi, it is a place for those seeking tranquility and refuge from the hustle and bustle of city life. The area is about 526 square kilometers. The main island spans about 25 kilometers fro m north to south. Two-thirds of island covered forests, hills and natural vegetation. It’s a biggest cluster island in Malaysia, constitute of 99 limestone islands.Langkawi Island is richly blessed with a heritage of fabulous myths and legends. As a natural paradise, this island perhaps is incomparable anywhere else in Southeast Asia. The country beauty of the island makes itself a compelling attraction. Langkawi, a drooping part of Malaysia, attracted no tourists until 1987. In 1997, there are 1. 7million tourists visited Langkawi and the number reached 2. 38million in 2009. Most of the development is in the main town of Kuah and in isolated beach resorts around the coast.The airport is located on this island as well hotel resorts, restaurants and shops. The two main beaches, Pantai Cenang and Pantai Kok, are on the island's western coast, with Pantai Cenang being the most popular as the place for hotels and restaurants. Dotted along the northern coast are the more luxurious resorts. With the only intention to promote tourism, the island was granted a tax-free status. Government has come up with special developments to promote the tourism industry in Langkawi.Tourists are also requested not to bring any cars or other vehicles to go to this island, so it can save this city far from pollution and then make it as a green tourist destination. The Northern Corridor Economic Region development program is a Malaysia Government initiative to promote the economic growth in the north of Peninsular Malaysia . In order to improve the Langkawi’s position as a world-class tourist destination, the Northern Corridor Economic Region is trying hard to attract further world-class hotels and holiday resorts to this island.In the folk custom aspects, the entertainment service development in Langkawi is not a patch on Phuket Island, the rich of history and culture is not as good as Bali Island, but it has abundant natural and geological beauty, simplicity and peacefu l country life, leisurely and comfortable tourism atmosphere, it can be developed as an ecological, geological and leisure tourism island. That makes Langkawi not only have a unique style with neighboring famous islands, but also an intellectual tourism trend for satisfy tourists yearning at present.Langkawi is surrounded with many legends that could be used in the marketing of the island. In addition to the natural and social resources, Langkawi has many other resources that could be developed into visitor attractions such as rubber fields, factories, fishing villages and the Hindu temples. The change of the future is expected to the attentive planning and decision by Lembaga Pembangunan Langkawi (LADA). Marketing objectives Langkawi is a potential island for coastal tourism. Coastal tourism has been the world's largest tourism hot spots and important pillar.With the development of the economy and coastal tourism in the context of the global is developing quickly, coastal tourism d evelopment of real estate has become an important component. In order to develop coastal tourism reasonable, the marketing plan should be suitable for langkawi. Vision To become a world-class agency in the efficient and creative development of langkawi's infrastructure and tourism industry. Mission To develop langkawi's specialized attractions (such as theme park) objective 1. To protect natural resource in order to obtain sustainable development. 2. To improve entertainment facilities in langkawi. . To create a theme park for eco-tourism. 4. Promote Langkawi as an international tourist destination. The island has an abundance of potential, especially in eco-tourism. They could build a theme park that co-exists with the environment and encourages eco-awareness. (Jimmy Leong ). only focuses on ecological protection, and to obtain sustainable development. The international success coastal resorts all pay attention to ecological protection principle. Target markets From region, the fig ure shows that more than 70% of visitor in langkawi is from Malaysia, that means main visitor market in langkawi is domestic market.However, Thailand, Singapore is Langkawi's largest market for foreign tourist. And from demography, family and couple prefer to go langkawi. Because langkawi is a quite beautiful and reasonable coasts for destination. Couple choose langkawi as honeymoon destination. The family go vacation because of amazing landscape, and also duty free shop. According to statistics released by the Tourism Division of the Langkawi Development Authority, that there were 2,461,455 visitors stayed on the island during 2009 which nearly 25% were from overseas, All in all, Langkawi's target market is couples and families both in international and domestic.Marketing strategies Product pricing The price that tourism enterprises set need to conform to the certain standards, if the price is too low, customers may thought those products are not worth to buy, tourism enterprises a re hard to get a profit, and if the price is too high, customers have no ability to consumption, there will be no demand on it. In Langkawi, some luxury hotels, restaurants and entertainment industries can use high price strategy to approaching market and it is good for market positioning.Travel agency, local attractions and hotels can offer discount for visitors when they reaches a certain amount. Some hotels, motels or airlines can provide seasonal discount in rainy season, international flights can adjustment the price according to the size of demand, and the purpose is to attract customers, make sure they can get a profit. Pricing can be based on competitors, it is a kind of methods that pricing according to the price of competitors. Price variance remains unchanged and always be a little higher than competitors or a bit lower. So ompare to other islands, Langkawi can pricing according to its dominant position and give a higher price, for inferior position, we can give a discoun t for customers, in order to attract them to come. Promotion Promoting the tourism development of Langkawi is very necessary. Promotion can be used in various ways. Public relations is a good way to promote it, we can make people pay attention to the propaganda by special events or public service activities. There are a lot of people from all over the world, looking for the information of Langkawi on the Internet.These potential visitors want to know the interesting places in this island, where they can stay, which restaurant offers the best meal. We can build websites about Langkawi’s detailed information, shows the travel and accommodation arrangements and let people know what the suitable choice is for them. Hotels can offer special discount for attracting tourists to stay in Langkawi, whatever people come to Langkawi for business, vacation or conference, Langkawi has different kinds of accommodation types to serve customers, discount hotels can attract more tourists to st ay because most of them want to save money.Airlines can provide cheap flights, make everyone can travel by air. Travel agency can promote the preferential travel project, save money and time for visitors. We can also advertise Langkawi through media, newspaper, magazine, television or â€Å"giveaways† such as calendars and training packages, print and send out brochures, provide travel reservation service and use publicity to build a positive image of Langkawi, let people see them in their daily life. People Only find that demand can satisfy the demand. The process of finding demand needs to realize by employees.Tourism enterprises need to arouse the enthusiasm of the employees, let them seeking for potential customers according to the demand of them. The employees with high quality and comply with the requirements are very important. Training the industry professionals, make sure travel agency employees can let visitors have a good experience in Langkawi, and get satisfactor y services from hotels, restaurants and other entertainment industries, because their service attitude and level is one of the key factors which decided to customers on the tourism enterprises satisfaction, a not professional employee may be adly affect Langkawi’s image, leading to the loss of customers, reduce the economic income of travel enterprises, affect the development of tourism industry in Langkawi. â€Å"People† not only those of the employees, but also customers. The feeling of customers on the service quality may be affected by the opinion of other customers. The marketing goal is getting loyal customers those whom believe in tourism enterprises and think they are worth to spend, and they are also willing to recommend Langkawi to other customers, thus to improve the popularity and positive image of Langkawi. ProcessesWhile producing and service delivering at the same time, process management can guarantee the availability of service and stable quality. Othe rwise, it is very difficult to balance the supply and demand of service. We must find the way to handle the peak demands, seeking the method in different level to maximum satisfy the different needs of different customers. In the implementation process of Langkawi’s marketing planning, it might happened some accidents because of the change of the market, we must do our best for the supervision, regulate and control in the whole process, to achieve the best effect of marketing.To sum up, in the marketing strategies combinations of Langkawi, in addition to the human factors are uncontrolled, other factors are controllable. We should adapt to the external environment actively, give full play to Langkawi’s advantages and make up for weakness, and then get a good development of marketing. Physical evidence Physical evidence is making the invisible services of products as much as possible becoming visible products, let consumers fell that the service product is exists, and i mproving visitors enjoy the value of the service products process.Germany has a successful businessman said: a simple reception is better than a detailed manual. For example, the first time a visit goes to the langkawi restaurant, before entered the restaurant, the restaurant’s appearance and signs has made him an initial impression. If the impression is good, he will go into the restaurant, and then the internal decorate, how clean the desktop is and the waiters’ etiquette image will directly to decide he will repast here or not. If management and utilization t well, it can help customers experience the characteristic of langkawi, improve the service when you get to enjoy the benefit and contribute to create a good image for langkawi, to support the implementation of the marketing strategy. Conversely, it may send wrong message to customers, influence the customer's expectations and judgment to langkawi, it will damage the image of langkawi. Physical evidence should f ocus on object factors, human factors and atmosphere factors and it also can improve physical evidence from outdoor billboards, TV advertising and the promotion activities in public places.We can add the local customs and features to langkawi’s guideposts and signs, on the other hand, service personnel should dress the same uniform, intensify efforts to make slogan and publicity material. Conclusion Langkawi is a romantic, beautiful island which has richly natural resources, where nature itself also has many excellent conditions, making her a paradise in Southeast Asia. Walking on the main island of Langkawi, an oasis of Rubber Forest and paddy fields are in front of you, dotted with the traditional tall houses (Ganlan), coconut waves, two or three Islanders who make a living by fishing and farming pass by.All these form a very laid-back screen. On this island which is full of ancient legend, the earth fell asleep in a lullaby of insect croak piping. In addition to  the bea utiful  natural scenery, Langkawi also  has a long  history and  traditional culture. Langkawi  is a  duty-free island that you  can buy  a lot of  duty-free products. As the famous internationally archipelago of 99 tropical islands in Malaysia, Langkawi is the absolute holiday paradise which offers modern accommodation facilities and amenities set against the natural backdrop of sun-drenched beaches and ancient rainforests teeming with exotic plant and animal life.For its beautiful geological heritage of stunning landscapes, Langkawi is a really good place to go, it is absolute a fantastic travel destination. Experience the beautiful countryside and the peaceful landscape of paddy fields, pass by some small villages with wooden houses which build by palm trees, and children pedaling their old bicycles on the road. Beautiful scenery, great adventures, five-star conveniences and an international airport make Langkawi a great place for a holiday. An agro-based econom y of padi and rubber cultivation and fisheries is being ast overtaken by a tourism-driven economy, taking into consideration the natural, unspoiled, ecological beauty of the island and major governmental emphasis. The largest and most developed island – known as Langkawi – is the focal point for most visitors. Traditionally the islanders have relied upon the farming and fishing industries for their livelihood, but in 1987 they were awarded Duty Free status, and the subsequent increase in visitors has promoted tourism to the point of being the islands largest industry.Tourism is one of the most important industries in Malaysia's national economy, and it has an important effect on promoting national economic and social development. Malaysia is richly in natural tourism resources and culture tourism resources. Since the 1960s, tourism resource advantages are gradually translated into the real economic advantages. With the rapid development of Malaysian tourism industry, d uring the past 50 years, remarkable achievements have been made in the number of tourists to Malaysian, foreign exchange income, tourism infrastructure construction, the opening and protection of tourism resources, and some other aspects.Langkawi has rich tourism resources. Develop Langkawi tourism market is good for the local economy,it can provide more jobs for local people. So develop a good marketing plan for Langkawi is very necessary, it can promote the development of tourism industry, thus promote the development of entirety economic in Malaysia. References Jeremy, A. (2002), The rough guide to Southeast Asia, Rough Guides Ltd,Mohamed, Z. H. I. (2000), The legends of Langkawi, Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur. John, S. Michael, T. (1998), How to prepare a marketing plan: a guide to reaching the customer market, MPG Books Ltd, Great Britain. John, W. (2010), How to write a marketing plan, Replika Press Pvt Ltd, India. Malcolm, M. & Hugh, W. (2011), Mark eting Plans: How to prepare them, how to use them, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, United Kingdom. Simon, R. (2007), Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei, Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, Australia. Susan, B. (2001), Successful tourism marketing: a practical handbook, Kogan Page Limited, London.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Simple Éviter (to Avoid) Conjugations in French

Simple Éviter (to Avoid) Conjugations in French In French,  Ãƒ ©viter  is the verb that means to avoid. When you want to say avoided, avoiding, or will avoid, the verb needs to be conjugated. This can be a challenge with some words, but à ©viter  is a little easier because it follows a standard pattern. Conjugating the French Verb Éviter Éviter  is  a  regular -ER verb. It follows the same verb conjugation pattern as other verbs such as  emprunter  (to borrow) and  durer  (to last). This is the most common pattern in the French language. As you learn more of these conjugations, each new one gets a little easier. The simplest conjugations transform the verb into the present, future, or imperfect past tense. Unlike English where the -ed and -ing endings apply to all subjects, the French verb endings change with each subject pronoun as well as each tense. Use the table to study the various forms of  Ãƒ ©viter  and practice them in context. Simply pair the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense: I avoid is jà ©vite and we will avoid is nous à ©viterons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j vite viterai vitais tu vites viteras vitais il vite vitera vitait nous vitons viterons vitions vous vitez viterez vitiez ils vitent viteront vitaient The Present Participle of Éviter The verb stem of  Ãƒ ©viter  is  Ãƒ ©vit-. We can add -ant  to that and create the  present participle  Ãƒ ©vitant. This is very useful because it can be an adjective, gerund, or noun as well as a verb. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © A  common way to form the past tense avoided in French is with the  passà © composà ©. To do this, conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to fit the subject pronoun, then attach the past participle  Ãƒ ©vità ©. For instance, I avoided is jai à ©vità © and we avoided is nous avons à ©vità ©. More Simple  Ãƒâ€°viter  Conjugations Among these simple conjugations of  Ãƒ ©viter, concentrate and practice the verb forms above before moving on. The following conjugations are used less often, but they are useful as you improve your profiecency. For example, the subjunctive verb form can be used when the verbs action is subjective. Likewise, if the verb is dependent on condition   if  this happens,  then  this will happen use the conditional verb form. The passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are found most often in writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j vite viterais vitai vitasse tu vites viterais vitas vitasses il vite viterait vita vitt nous vitions viterions vitmes vitassions vous vitiez viteriez vittes vitassiez ils vitent viteraient vitrent vitassiez The imperative verb form is used for exclamations, requests, and demands. When using it, keep things short and sweet and drop the subject pronoun: use à ©vite rather than tu à ©vite. Imperative (tu) vite (nous) vitons (vous) vitez

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free Essays on Death Of Artemio Cruz

A writer can usually connect characters in his novel through parallels, foils, and other literary devices. In The Death of Artemio Cruz, by Carlos Fuentes, Fuentes links the main character and the father, Artemio, to his son, Lorenzo with parallels and foils put there in order to help his reader better understand the depth of Artemio Cruz. In the section titled, â€Å"1939: February 3,† Fuentes describes Lorenzo’s and Dolores’ love for each other. This description helps the reader fully understand Artemio Cruz, his love for Regina, and his life as a whole. Artemio and his son are different types of lovers, but lovers nonetheless. Lorenzo is romantic while Artemio is rough. This can be seen in the love scenes Fuentes describes. Lorenzo’s first act of love with Dolores is explained with beauty, desire, and sensitivity. â€Å"They touched hands, embracing it, and they wrenched themselves from their tree to embrace each other, Dolores and he, so he could caress her brow and she his neck. She stepped back, so he could see her moist green eyes better, her half-open mouth, before she buried her head in the boy’s chest, raised her face to give him her lips...† (Cruz 227). Fuentes describes this encounter in a passionate way. He explains that Dolores stepped back so that her beautiful green eyes could be seen better. Eyes are important in relationships as they hold the key to love. One looks into the others’ eyes in order to see love as an image rather than just a feeling. Fuentes recognizes this as he makes Dolores move merely for the sake of allowing Lorenzo to gaze into her eyes and see her emotion. This is an effective gesture in showing the romanticism of the two lovers. Fuentes us es great diction to show their desire for one another. They both â€Å"wrench† themselves off the tree so that they both can arouse the other. It involves the workings of the two figures. Neither sex is dominating over the other. Lorenzo does not need t... Free Essays on Death Of Artemio Cruz Free Essays on Death Of Artemio Cruz A writer can usually connect characters in his novel through parallels, foils, and other literary devices. In The Death of Artemio Cruz, by Carlos Fuentes, Fuentes links the main character and the father, Artemio, to his son, Lorenzo with parallels and foils put there in order to help his reader better understand the depth of Artemio Cruz. In the section titled, â€Å"1939: February 3,† Fuentes describes Lorenzo’s and Dolores’ love for each other. This description helps the reader fully understand Artemio Cruz, his love for Regina, and his life as a whole. Artemio and his son are different types of lovers, but lovers nonetheless. Lorenzo is romantic while Artemio is rough. This can be seen in the love scenes Fuentes describes. Lorenzo’s first act of love with Dolores is explained with beauty, desire, and sensitivity. â€Å"They touched hands, embracing it, and they wrenched themselves from their tree to embrace each other, Dolores and he, so he could caress her brow and she his neck. She stepped back, so he could see her moist green eyes better, her half-open mouth, before she buried her head in the boy’s chest, raised her face to give him her lips...† (Cruz 227). Fuentes describes this encounter in a passionate way. He explains that Dolores stepped back so that her beautiful green eyes could be seen better. Eyes are important in relationships as they hold the key to love. One looks into the others’ eyes in order to see love as an image rather than just a feeling. Fuentes recognizes this as he makes Dolores move merely for the sake of allowing Lorenzo to gaze into her eyes and see her emotion. This is an effective gesture in showing the romanticism of the two lovers. Fuentes us es great diction to show their desire for one another. They both â€Å"wrench† themselves off the tree so that they both can arouse the other. It involves the workings of the two figures. Neither sex is dominating over the other. Lorenzo does not need t...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Planning and Goal Setting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning and Goal Setting - Research Paper Example I have suggested these improvements to provide the customers with a clearer perception of what our business is about. In addition to that, the revised vision statement clearly mentions the aspirations and goals of the Moonlight Bakers that are required to be known by the company’s leader to make advancements for their achievement. Besides, development of a powerful vision statement is fundamental to the strategic planning and attainment of competitive advantage for the Moonlight Bakers. I would do some literature review to note down the benefits of making a business plan as well as to collect information about companies that attempted to started new businesses in the past but failed because of lack of a business plan. I would say to the CEO, â€Å"Sir, it is in the air that you are about to take over a new business. If that is the case, may we please have the opportunity to make a business plan for you? It is very useful while starting a new business in the contemporary age. I have done the literature review and these are some files I would like to share with you.† The rationale behind my soft words is that I don’t want to offend him that we know his plans even though he has not shared them with us. Secondly, I have tried to convince him with proofs of benefits of using a business plan in such situations. In the contemporary world that is changing at a fast pace, leadership with vision or visionary leadership is required for the organizations to thrive and stay competitive (Kantabutra and Avery, 2010, p. 37). Making vision statement is a preliminary step in the development of such leadership since the goals of the leader are aligned with and retrieved from the ones mentioned in the vision statement. Development of the vision statement is one of the vision driven strategies employed by organizations to succeed. â€Å"[O]rganizations which utilize effective Business plans maximize the

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Is the Shale Revolution just hype Discuss with reference to two Essay

Is the Shale Revolution just hype Discuss with reference to two examples - Essay Example However, the migration is sometimes blocked by rock barriers and the hydrocarbons accumulate underneath such cap, eventually turning into a conventional gas reservoir (Curtis, 2002). Such hydrocarbons which stay in the source rock make up shale gas or shale oil. Such gas is usually trapped underneath the surface, close to 1500 to 3000 metres in the source rock where the hydrocarbons have originally formed (Curtis, 2002). This makes shale gas or shale oil very much difficult to extract. Shale gas is considered unconventional gas because it is said to come from accumulation with significant spatial aspects and vaguely indicated boundaries independent of the water column (Stevens, 2012). Conventional gas is usually drilled with the gas flowing at voluminous rates. For the unconventional gas, drilling is not sufficient to support commercial distribution. Other processes are needed in order to support commercial flow. Primary technologies needed for shale gas include horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing with the water, sand, as well as chemicals incorporated into the horizontal borehole at high pressure to break the shale rocks and then discharge the gas (Stevens, 2012). Both technologies are not new technologies, as horizontal drilling has been applied in the 1930s and fracking has first been seen in the US in 1947. The popular use of shale gas is said to have created a revolution as shifts in shale gas use, especially in the US has been seen. However, other scholars and observers are doubtful of the existence and persistence of such a phenomenon or a revolution. This paper shall discuss whether or not the shale gas revolution is just hype or whether it is reality. Various examples shall be used in order to support specific arguments for this paper. Shale gas increased to about 20%, from 1% in 2000 of the domestic gas production in the US by 2010 (Stevens, 2010). The Energy Information

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Intellectual Capital and Competitiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Intellectual Capital and Competitiveness - Essay Example Not so long ago, business resources consisted of 80% tangible assets and resources. However, the picture today is quite different. By 1999, 80% of organizations’ assets were intangible (Andersen and Striukova, 2010). Today’s economy is characterized by intellectual property and assets forming a major part of business assets and resources. Therefore it is paramount to identify how intellectual capital and resources may influence management for the organization’s benefits. According to economic theorists, there are three major components of intellectual capital: human capital, structural capital and customer capital. Human capital represents employee competence, brainpower and knowledge (Berry, 2005). Customer capital on the other hand designates the organization’s relations with its suppliers, customers and distributors. Structural capital represents culture and systems, processes and practices (Bosworth and Webster, 2006). Recognizing the three components of intellectual capital is important for managers who are responsible for ensuring that the organization runs and performs as well as expected. Customer capital is one of the most important aspects of any organization. Customers are invaluable sources if organizational competitiveness in terms of market dominance, financial performance, dynamic capabilities and technological advantage. In today’s business environment, most companies have turned to e-business as a way to boost their businesses (Al-Ali, 2003). This means that a large percentage of an organization’s customers are found online. Managers need to evaluate the way they manage their entire customer capital so as to ensure that they maximize on this important part of the organization (Daum, 2010). This paper evaluates how an organization’s online and offline customer capital may impact on management, and how this influence affects the organization on a whole. Managing Customer Loyalty and Branding It is important for companies to develop strong long term relationships with their target customers so as to build a sustainable business (Choo and Bontis, 2002). ICT has changed the conventional methods used by managers to manage their intangible customer base asset. More and more people are opting to use the internet to do business. In some ways, the online customer base has some needs that are different from those of conventional customers (Bosworth and Webster, 2006). It is for this apparent reason why managers have to come up with ways to work within the new e-market environment so as to satisfy the needs of the customers. The creation of processes or platforms to build and maintain e-business customer loyalty is not a task that a manager can achieve by himself (Jolly and Philpott, 2004). He has to bring on board other customer relations experts to help him draft strategies that will appeal to most of the customers. The first thing that should be considered when creating customer loy alty management strategies is the organizations end goal (Daum, 2010). Although the aim of customer loyalty management is pegged on the idea that the customer has to be satisfied at all times, the way this is done should be determined mainly by the organizational objectives, that it, what the business aims to achieve in the short and long term. The operational front of an e-business should also be considered when managing e-business customers (Bryer, Lebson and Asbell, 2011). This means that the

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Slavery and African Slave Traders Essay Example for Free

Slavery and African Slave Traders Essay 1. What was indentured servitude like in the colonies? Was it much different from being a slave?: Indentured servants either agreed to serve for a stated period usually about five years or upon arrival to the colonies they bargained with wealthy Englishmen, Dutchmen or High German, for how long they would serve for their passage money. In the colonies indentured servants where under strict control of their masters and were not given any compensation for their work. It was much like slavery but not everything was the same. Indenture was a contract and unlike slaves servants could sue their masters if they failed to fulfill their half of the bargain. Where as slaves had no civil rights at all. Also unlike slaves servants were able to be freed after they have completed their years of labor. Usually the former servant was entitled an outfit with that most servants become land owners. 2. Compare/contrast the Middle Passage to the voyage of indentured servants. In The Middle Passage they were not treated the same as were the people in The voyage of the Indentured Servants . The people in the Middle passage were beaten and deprived of food even after the crew was full from eating fish they did not give any to the slaves. The servants were allowed to bring their own food or drinks which most still went bad but they were not deprived entirely of food. As soon as the servants got to the colonies if they had paid their passage they were free to go unlike the slaves that were sold. The condition of living on both ships were much the same as far as the diseases and illness that plagued both ships. 3. Compare/contrast Olaudah Equiano’s document with Alexander Falconbridge’s. Are these documents reliable? Why or why not? Both documents are personal accounts of what each man viewed on the slave ships. The two documents spoke of disease, malnutrition, and punishment endured by the slaves. I believe both of the documents are a reliable source because they both spoke of relatively the same conditions as the other. Both of the documents spoke of African slave traders that traded and sold African slaves to the slave trade. In both passages they spoke of the much more cruel punishment the slaves would undergo from the white men as opposed to their prior black owners. 4. Whom did the slave trade serve? How many different types of people were involved? The slave trade served mainly American merchants. For the majority French, Dutch, English, and African slave traders. Slave ships would go abroad and capture as many people they could enslave.